Diagnostic Imagery Trypanosoma vivax trypomastigotes in bovine Giemsa-stained blood smear—notice the slender bodies with undulating membranes visible among RBCs Linear T. evansi trypomastigotes in stained bovine blood smear—useful in diagnosing “surra.” General view showing prevalence of extracellular protozoa with clear… Read More »Trypanosomiasis in Cattle: Diagnostic Images & NAVLE Study Guide
Understanding NAVLE Results: Timing and Expectations When embarking on the journey to become a licensed veterinarian in North America, passing the North American Veterinary Licensing Examination (NAVLE) is a crucial milestone. As the pinnacle of veterinary education, the NAVLE represents… Read More »When do NAVLE results come out?
Overview and EpidemiologyLymphoma in cattle occurs in two principal forms: EBL commonly manifests as multicentric lymphosarcoma, affecting lymph nodes, abomasum, heart, uterus, spinal cord, and other organs (vetspecialists.com). Microscopic features of bovine lymphoma in the spinal cord. (A) Epidural mass,… Read More »Lymphoma in Cattle (Bovine Lymphosarcoma): Diagnostic Images & NAVLE Study Guide
Overview and EpidemiologyBabesiosis in cattle is a tick-borne disease caused primarily by Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina. It’s transmitted via bites from ixodid ticks (e.g., Rhipicephalus spp.) and, less commonly, iatrogenically (e.g., contaminated needles or transfusions) (cfsph.iastate.edu).This disease, also known… Read More »Babesiosis in Cattle: Diagnostic Images & NAVLE Study Guide
Anaplasmosis in Cattle – Summary Classic Case Etiology Diagnosis Treatment Prevention Pearls Here are representative Giemsa-stained blood smear images showing the characteristic marginal inclusions of Anaplasma marginale. These appear as deeply stained basophilic bodies located at the periphery of erythrocytes—finding… Read More »Anaplasmosis in Cattle
Important bovine Dx topic Overview Also known as hardware disease, traumatic reticuloperitonitis (TRP) occurs when cattle accidentally ingest sharp objects (e.g., nails, wire) that lodge in the reticulum and puncture its wall, leading to localized or diffuse peritonitis, and occasionally… Read More »Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis (Hardware Disease) in Cattle – A NAVLE-Ready Study Guide
Salmonellosis in Cattle Classic Case Etiology Diagnosis Treatment Prevention Zoonotic Risk Salmonellosis in Cattle – A NAVLE Clinical Study Guide Overview Salmonellosis, caused by various Salmonella enterica serotypes such as S. Typhimurium, S. Dublin, and S. Newport, manifests in cattle… Read More »Salmonellosis in Cattle – A NAVLE Clinical Study Guide
Overview Rectal tears in cattle are traumatic lacerations of the rectal wall, most commonly occurring during rectal palpation or artificial insemination procedures. They can range from minor mucosal injuries to full-thickness perforations, leading to life-threatening complications such as peritonitis (merckvetmanual.com).… Read More »Rectal Tear in Cattle: NAVLE-Style Study Guide
Overview Rectal prolapse is the protrusion of rectal tissue through the anus, often due to tenesmus (straining) stemming from underlying conditions like diarrhea, urogenital disorders, or respiratory issues. In cattle, it is most common in calves but also occurs in… Read More »Rectal Prolapse in Cattle: A NAVLE-Ready Overview
Overview Histopathologic findings of intestine and lymph nodes with with Johne’s disease. (A) Accumulation of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria of the small intestine. (B) Higher magnification of (A) showing large macrophages (arrowheads) and lymphocytes (arrows) accumulated in the… Read More »Paratuberculosis (Johne’s Disease) in Cattle: A Comprehensive NAVLE Study Guide
Liver Abscesses in Cattle: A Comprehensive NAVLE Study Guide Overview Liver abscesses (MVM) are localized bacterial infections in the liver tissue, commonly seen in feedlot cattle. They significantly impact productivity and carcass quality, often going undetected until slaughter. Subclinical cases… Read More »Liver Abscesses in Cattle: A Comprehensive NAVLE Study Guide