Overview Rectal tears in cattle are traumatic lacerations of the rectal wall, most commonly occurring during rectal palpation or artificial insemination procedures. They can range from minor mucosal injuries to full-thickness perforations, leading to life-threatening complications such as peritonitis (merckvetmanual.com).… Read More »Rectal Tear in Cattle: NAVLE-Style Study Guide
Overview Rectal prolapse is the protrusion of rectal tissue through the anus, often due to tenesmus (straining) stemming from underlying conditions like diarrhea, urogenital disorders, or respiratory issues. In cattle, it is most common in calves but also occurs in… Read More »Rectal Prolapse in Cattle: A NAVLE-Ready Overview
Liver Abscesses in Cattle: A Comprehensive NAVLE Study Guide Overview Liver abscesses (MVM) are localized bacterial infections in the liver tissue, commonly seen in feedlot cattle. They significantly impact productivity and carcass quality, often going undetected until slaughter. Subclinical cases… Read More »Liver Abscesses in Cattle: A Comprehensive NAVLE Study Guide
Overview Hemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome (HBS), also known as jejunal hemorrhage syndrome, is a sporadic, acute, and often fatal disease primarily affecting high-producing dairy cows. It is characterized by sudden intraluminal hemorrhage and clot formation in the small intestine, leading to… Read More »Hemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome (HBS) in Cattle: A Comprehensive NAVLE Study Guide
Overview The abomasum, the fourth compartment of the ruminant stomach, is analogous to the monogastric stomach and plays a crucial role in enzymatic digestion. Abomasal disorders are significant in bovine medicine, particularly in high-producing dairy cattle, and are commonly assessed… Read More »Abomasal Diseases in Cattle: A Comprehensive NAVLE Study Guide
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) in Cats (NAVLE Notes) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common cardiac condition in cats, leading to thickening of the left ventricular wall and sometimes sudden death due to thromboembolism. It often presents in specific breeds with… Read More »Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) in Cats – NAVLE Notes